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1 Crash of 1929
• Crash of 1929, the банковский крах 1929 [Great Crash]. Начался на Нью-Йоркской бирже, послужил началом кризиса, известного в США как Великая депрессия [*Great Depression]США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > Crash of 1929
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2 crash
kræʃ
1. noun1) (a noise as of heavy things breaking or falling on something hard: I heard a crash, and looked round to see that he'd dropped all the plates.) estruendo, estrépito2) (a collision: There was a crash involving three cars.) colisión, choque, encontronazo3) (a failure of a business etc: the Wall Street crash.) quiebra4) (a sudden failure of a computer: A computer crash is very costly.)
2. verb1) (to (cause to) fall with a loud noise: The glass crashed to the floor.) caer con estrépito, estrellar(se)2) (to drive or be driven violently (against, into): He crashed (his car); His car crashed into a wall.) chocar contra, estrellar, colisionar3) ((of aircraft) to land or be landed in such a way as to be damaged or destroyed: His plane crashed in the mountains.) estrellar(se)4) ((of a business) to fail.) quebrar, fracasar5) (to force one's way noisily (through, into): He crashed through the undergrowth.) abrirse camino/paso6) ((of a computer) to stop working suddenly: If the computer crashes, we may lose all our files.)
3. adjective(rapid and concentrated: a crash course in computer technology.) acelerado, intensivo- crash-land
crash1 n1. accidente2. estrépitocrash2 vb1. estrellarse / chocar2. tener un accidentetr[kræʃ]1 (noise) estrépito; (of thunder) trueno, estallido3 SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL (collapse) quiebra1 (make loud noise) retumbar2 (fall noisily) chocar4 SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL quebrar5 SMALLCOMPUTING/SMALL fallar6 familiar (stay the night) quedarse a dormir1 (smash - car) estrellar ( into, contra)2 (make noise) hacer ruido con; (drop noisily) dejar caer estrepitosamente\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLcrash! ¡cataplum!car crash accidente nombre masculino de cochecrash barrier barrera de proteccióncrash course curso intensivocrash diet régimen nombre masculino muy estrictocrash helmet casco, casco protectorcrash ['kræʃ] vi1) smash: caerse con estrépito, estrellarse2) collide: estrellarse, chocar3) boom, resound: retumbar, resonarcrash vt1) smash: estrellar2)to crash one's car : tener un accidentecrash n1) din: estrépito m2) collision: choque m, colisión fcar crash: accidente automovilístico3) failure: quiebra f (de un negocio), crac m (de la bolsa)n.• crac s.m. (Computing)n.• fallo (Informática) s.m.n.• accidente s.m.• caída (Sistema informático) s.f.• choque s.m.• colisión s.f.• encontrón s.m.• estallido s.m.• estampida s.f.• estampido s.m.• estrellón s.m.• estropicio s.m.• estruendo s.m.• estrépito s.m.v.• chocar v.• estrellar v.• hundir v.• quebrar v.• romper v.
I kræʃa) ( loud noise) estrépito mb) (collision, accident) accidente m, choque mplane/car crash — accidente aéreo/de automóvil
c) ( financial failure) crac m, crack m
II
1.
1) ( smash)he crashed the car — tuvo un accidente con el coche, chocó
2) (colloq)to crash a party — colarse* en una fiesta (fam)
2.
vi1)a) ( collide)to crash (INTO something) — estrellarse or chocar* (contra algo)
b) ( make loud noise) \<\<thunder\>\> retumbarc) ( Fin) \<\<shares\>\> caer* a pique, colapsar2) ( spend the night) (esp AmE colloq) quedarse a dormir3) ( Comput) fallar•Phrasal Verbs:
III
adjective (before n) <program/course> intensivo[kræʃ]crash diet — régimen m muy estricto
1. N1) (=noise) estrépito m ; (=thunder) estruendo m ; (=explosion) estallido m2) (=accident) (Aut) choque m ; (Aer) accidente mto have a crash — (Aut) tener un accidente de coche, chocar con el coche
to be in a car/plane crash — tener un accidente de coche/aviación
3) (Econ) [of stock exchange] crac m ; [of business] (=failure) quiebra f2. VT2) * (=gatecrash)3. VI1) (=fall noisily) caer con estrépito; (=move noisily) moverse de manera ruidosa2) (=have accident) tener un accidente; (Aer) estrellarse, caer a tierra; (=collide) [two vehicles] chocarto crash into/through — chocar or estrellarse contra
3) (Econ) [business] quebrar; [stock exchange] sufrir una crisis4) (Comput) bloquearse, colgarse (Sp)5) ** (=sleep) dormir, pasar la noche4.ADV5.EXCL ¡zas!, ¡pum!6.CPD [diet etc] intensivo, aceleradocrash barrier N — (Brit) (Aut) quitamiedos m inv ; (at stadium etc) valla f protectora
crash course N — curso m intensivo or acelerado
crash dive N — [of submarine] inmersión f de emergencia
crash helmet N — casco m protector
crash landing N — aterrizaje m forzoso or de emergencia
crash programme (Brit), crash program (US) N — programa m de urgencia
crash site N — [of plane, car] lugar m del siniestro, lugar m del accidente
* * *
I [kræʃ]a) ( loud noise) estrépito mb) (collision, accident) accidente m, choque mplane/car crash — accidente aéreo/de automóvil
c) ( financial failure) crac m, crack m
II
1.
1) ( smash)he crashed the car — tuvo un accidente con el coche, chocó
2) (colloq)to crash a party — colarse* en una fiesta (fam)
2.
vi1)a) ( collide)to crash (INTO something) — estrellarse or chocar* (contra algo)
b) ( make loud noise) \<\<thunder\>\> retumbarc) ( Fin) \<\<shares\>\> caer* a pique, colapsar2) ( spend the night) (esp AmE colloq) quedarse a dormir3) ( Comput) fallar•Phrasal Verbs:
III
adjective (before n) <program/course> intensivocrash diet — régimen m muy estricto
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3 crash
I1. [kræʃ] n1. грохот, треск2. сильный удар при падении, столкновении3. крушение, авария; столкновение ( транспортных средств); авиационная катастрофаthere was a crash of two cars at the corner - на углу столкнулись две машины
passengers and crew died in the crash - пассажиры и команда погибли, когда самолёт разбился
4. крах, банкротство5. вчт. крах, фатальный сбой2. [kræʃ] a1. срочный, неотложный ( о мероприятии); ударный ( о работе)crash effort - ударная работа, аврал
2. интенсивный; дающий немедленный эффектto go on a crash diet - сесть на диету, которая должна незамедлительно дать результаты
3. аварийный3. [kræʃ] v1. падать, валиться, рушиться с грохотом или с треском (особ. о ломких предметах)the avalanche crashed down the mountain-side - снежная лавина с грохотом неслась по склону горы
2. 1) с шумом или грохотом разбить; сломать, разрушить; вызвать авариюhe went crashing the branches - он шёл, с треском ломая ветки
to crash a plane - а) сбить самолёт; б) разбить (свой) самолёт (при неудачной посадке и т. п.)
2) разбиться ( при падении)the vase crashed as it struck the floor - ударившись об пол, ваза разлетелась на кусочки /разбилась вдребезги/
3) потерпеть аварию (об автомобиле и т. п.); разбиться ( о самолёте)3. 1) удариться с грохотом (обо что-л.); наскочить (на что-л.); врезаться (во что-л.)to crash against a wall [a tree] - врезаться в стену [в дерево]
two cars crashed into each other at an intersection - на перекрёстке столкнулись два автомобиля
2) (into) ворваться, вломиться (куда-л.)to crash into the defence - воен. разг. взломать оборону
5. грохотать (о громе и т. п.; часто crash out)6. потерпеть неудачу, крах; разориться; обанкротитьсяthe whole financial scheme crashed disastrously - весь финансовый план с треском провалился
the New York Stock Exchange crashed in 1929 - в 1929 году произошёл крах фондовой биржи в Нью-Йорке
7. явиться без приглашения, вломиться (куда-л.)to crash the gate - амер. а) являться без приглашения, быть незваным гостем; б) пройти без билета /«зайцем»/ (в театр, кино, на концерт и т. п.)
8. проскочить (светофор) при красном свете9. 1) разг. переночевать (особ. бесплатно или по дешёвке)10. напиться до бесчувствия4. [kræʃ] advс грохотомthe heavy box landed crash on his head - тяжёлая коробка загремела прямо ему на голову
II [kræʃ] ncrash went the plate! - трах! и тарелки нет!
суровое полотно; холст -
4 crash
1. Fina precipitous drop in value, especially of the stocks traded in a market2. E-coma hardware failure or program error that stops a computer working. If data has not been backed up it can be lost as a result of a crash.3. Econa sudden and catastrophic downturn in an economy. The crash in the United States in 1929 is one of the most famous. -
5 crash
̈ɪkræʃ I
1. сущ.
1) грохот, треск( обыкн. при столкновении, падении;
тж. о ударе грома, громкой музыке и т. п.) The thunder burst with a terrific crash. ≈ Раздался оглушительный удар грома. Syn: crack, crackle
2) авария, крушение( самолета и т. п.), столкновение( автомобилей и т. п.)
3) банкротство, крах a stockmarket crash ≈ обвал на фондовой бирже Syn: failure, ruin
4) сл. ломка( у наркоманов после наркотического отравления)
2. нареч. с грохотом, с треском
3. гл.
1) а) с грохотом разрушать, разбивать;
рушиться с грохотом, треском, разбиваться вдребезги (часто crash through, crash down) The tempest that crashes down the forest. ≈ Буря с грохотом вырывает деревья в лесу. Syn: shiver II
2., shatter
1., smash
2. б) потерпеть аварию, крушение
2) а) производить какие-л. действия или двигаться с грохотом, треском;
грохотать( о громе и т. п.) ;
заставлять двигаться с грохотом Two women literally crashing hoarse thunder out of a piano. ≈ Две женщины, в буквальном смысле обрушившиеся на фортепиано и извлекающие из него грохочущие резкие звуки. Two other men crashed their horses through the brushwood. ≈ Два других человека направили своих лошадей в кусты и с треском поскакали через заросли. They crashed into the room. ≈ Они с грохотом ворвались в комнату. б) проскакивать светофор, когда должен загореться или уже загорелся красный свет
3) потерпеть крах, обанкротиться
4) амер.;
разг. являться без приглашения to crash a party, to crash the gate ≈ явиться без приглашения Syn: gate-crash
5) испытывать последствия наркотического отравления ∙ crash in crash into crash out crash with II сущ. плотная, суровая ткань( используемая для драпировки, укрепления переплетов книг и др.) грохот, треск - thee tree fell with a loud * дерево с треском рухнуло - a * of thunder удар грома - * of artillery грохот артиллерии сильный удар при падении, столкновении крушение, авария;
столкновение;
авиационная катастрофа - there was a * of two cars at the corner на углу столкнулись две машины - passengers and crew died in the * пассажиры и команда погибли, когда самолет разбился крах, банкротство - stock market * крах фондовой биржи( компьютерное) крах, фатальный сбой срочный, неотложный;
ударный (о работе) - * programme срочная программа - * effort ударная работа, аврал интенсивный;
дающий немедленный эффект - * course in computer programming ускоренный курс программирования - to go on a * diet сесть на диету, которая должна незамедлительно дать результаты аварийный * crew аварийная команда падать, валиться, рушиться с грохотом или с треском - the dishes *ed to the floor посуда с грохотом упала на пол - the avalanche *ed down the mountain-side снежная лавина с грохотом неслась по склону горы с шумом или грохотом разбить;
сломать, разрушить;
вызвать аварию - he went *ing the branches он шел, с треском ломая ветки - to * a plane сбить самолет;
разбить самолет разбиться - the vase *ed as it struck the floor ударившись об пол, ваза разлетелась на кусочки потерпеть аварию;
разбиться - the two cars met and *ed две машины столкнулись и разбились - the plane *ed into the sea самолет упал в море удариться с грохотом;
наскочить;
врезаться - to * against a wall врезаться в стену - two cars *ed into each other at an intersection на перекрестке столкнулись два автомобиля (into) ворваться, вломиться - to * into the defence( военное) (разговорное) взломать оборону преим. (военное) наносить мощные удары, сокрушать, прорывать - to * resistance сломить сопротивление - to * a river on the run форсировать реку с ходу грохотать потерпеть неудачу, крах;
разориться;
обанкротиться - the whole financial scheme *ed disastrously весь финансовый план с треском провалился - the New York Stock Exchange *ed in 1929 в 1929 году произошел крах фондовой биржи в Нью-Йорке явиться без приглашения, вломиться - to * the gate (американизм) являться без приглашения, быть незваным гостем;
пройти без билета - to * a party явиться в компанию незваным гостем проскочить( светофор) при красном свете (разговорное) переночевать( особ. бесплатно) - we * at friends' houses мы ночуем у друзей (сленг) проспаться;
очухаться напиться до бесчувствия с грохотом - the heavy box landed * on his head тяжелая коробка загремела прямо ему на голову - * went the plate! трах! и тарелки нет! суровое полотно;
холст bank ~ банкротство банка crash вчт. аварийная ситуация ~ аварийный ~ вчт. аварийный отказ ~ авария, поломка, крушение ~ авария, катастрофа ~ авария ~ банкротство ~ грохот;
треск ~ интенсивный ~ катастрофа ~ крах, банкротство ~ крушение ~ неотложный ~ обанкротиться ~ падать, рушиться с треском, грохотом (часто crash through, crash down) ;
грохотать;
to crash (into smth.) наскочить на чтол. с треском ~ падать, рушиться с треском, грохотом (часто crash through, crash down) ;
грохотать;
to crash (into smth.) наскочить на чтол. с треском ~ потерпеть аварию, крушение;
разбиться при падении ~ потерпеть аварию ~ потерпеть крах ~ потерпеть неудачу ~ амер. разг. проникнуть "зайцем", без билета или без приглашения;
to crash a party явиться без приглашения;
to crash the gate пройти в театр( на концерт и т. п.) без билета ~ разбить, разрушить;
вызвать аварию;
to crash a plane сбить самолет ~ разориться ~ с грохотом, с треском ~ сильный удар при падении, столкновении ~ срочный ~ суровое полотно, холст ~ амер. разг. проникнуть "зайцем", без билета или без приглашения;
to crash a party явиться без приглашения;
to crash the gate пройти в театр (на концерт и т. п.) без билета ~ разбить, разрушить;
вызвать аварию;
to crash a plane сбить самолет ~ in вторгаться ~ амер. разг. проникнуть "зайцем", без билета или без приглашения;
to crash a party явиться без приглашения;
to crash the gate пройти в театр (на концерт и т. п.) без билета market ~ биржевой крах program ~ вчт. разрущение программы stock market ~ крах фондовой биржи system ~ вчт. полный отказ системы -
6 of
of [əv, stressed ɒv](a) (after nouns expressing quantity, number, amount) de;∎ a pound of onions une livre d'oignons;∎ a loaf of bread un pain;∎ a piece of cake un morceau de gâteau;∎ a bottle of wine une bouteille de vin;∎ a pair of trousers un pantalon;∎ there are six of us nous sommes six;∎ thousands of mosquitos des milliers de moustiques;∎ some/many/few of us were present quelques-uns/beaucoup/peu d'entre nous étaient présents;∎ half of them failed la moitié d'entre eux ont échoué;∎ how much of it do you want? combien en voulez-vous?(b) (indicating age) de;∎ a boy/a girl of three un garçon/une fille de trois ans;∎ at the age of nineteen à dix-neuf ans, à l'âge de dix-neuf ans;∎ his wife of twenty years la femme avec qui il est marié depuis vingt ans(c) (indicating composition, content) de;∎ a photo of Lily une photo de Lily;∎ a map of Spain une carte d'Espagne;∎ a report of events in Parliament un compte rendu de ce qui se passe au Parlement;∎ a rise of 25 percent une augmentation de 25 pour cent;∎ a team of cricketers une équipe de cricket;∎ a city of 120,000 une ville de 120 000 habitants;∎ a series of programmes on Italy une série d'émissions sur l'Italie(d) (created by) de;∎ the poems of Byron les poèmes de Byron∎ I'm ashamed of it j'en ai honte;∎ I'm proud of it j'en suis fier;∎ familiar I'm sick of it j'en ai assez;∎ I'm afraid of the dark j'ai peur du noir;∎ she dreamt of one day becoming Prime Minister elle rêvait de devenir Premier ministre un jour;∎ I have no intention of leaving je n'ai aucune intention de partir;∎ the fear of God la crainte de Dieu(f) (indicating possession, relationship) de;∎ he's a friend of mine c'est un ami à moi;∎ a friend of mine saw me un de mes amis m'a vu;∎ I'd like a home of my own j'aimerais avoir mon chez-moi;∎ the corner of the street le coin de la rue;∎ the subject of the lecture le sujet du cours;∎ cancer of the bowel cancer des intestins;∎ the love of a mother l'amour d'une mère;∎ the rights of man les droits de l'homme;∎ she's head of department elle est chef de service;∎ doctor of medicine docteur en médecine∎ it was kind/mean of him c'était gentil/méchant de sa part;∎ how clever of her comme c'est intelligent de sa part∎ the city of New York la ville de New York;∎ the people of Chile le peuple ou les habitants du Chili;∎ the University of Cambridge l'université de Cambridge;∎ the village of Carlton le village de Carlton∎ the arrival/departure of Flight 556 l'arrivée/le départ du vol 556;∎ we need the approval of the committee nous devons obtenir l'autorisation du comité;∎ a lover of fine wine un amateur de bons vins;∎ the success of the meeting le succès de la réunion;∎ an outbreak of cholera une épidémie de choléra∎ a feeling of relief un sentiment de soulagement;∎ she has the gift of mimicry elle a un talent d'imitatrice;∎ a man of courage un homme de courage;∎ people of foreign appearance gens à l'air étranger;∎ a coat of many colours un manteau multicolore;∎ a sort or kind or type of tree un type d'arbre;∎ formal to be of sound mind être sain d'esprit;∎ to be of a nervous disposition avoir une prédisposition à la nervosité;∎ that fool of a sergeant cet imbécile de sergent∎ a ring of solid gold une bague en or massif;∎ a heart of stone un cœur de pierre;∎ made of wood fait de ou en bois(l) (after nouns of size, measurement etc) de;∎ a width/length of sixty feet une largeur/longueur de soixante pieds;∎ they reach a height of ten feet ils atteignent une hauteur de dix pieds(m) (indicating cause, origin, source) de;∎ the consequence/the effects of the explosion la conséquence/les effets de l'explosion;∎ to die of cancer mourir du ou d'un cancer;∎ of royal descent de lignée royale;∎ of which/whom dont(n) (indicating likeness, similarity) de;∎ the colour of blood/of grass la couleur du sang/de l'herbe;∎ the size of a tennis ball de la taille d'une balle de tennis;∎ he reminds me of John Wayne il me rappelle John Wayne;∎ it smells of coffee ça sent le café;∎ a giant of a man un homme très grand;∎ a huge barn of a house une énorme bâtisse∎ the 3rd of May le 3 mai;∎ in the middle of August à la mi-août;∎ the crash of 1929 le krach de 1929;∎ the day of our wedding le jour de notre mariage;∎ it was the high point of the week ça a été le point culminant de la semaine;∎ American a quarter of nine neuf heures moins le quart;∎ in the middle of the road au milieu de la chaussée;∎ at the far end of the room à l'autre bout de la pièce;∎ south of au sud de;∎ within a mile of à moins d'un mil(l)e de∎ a lack of food un manque de nourriture;∎ to get rid of sth se débarrasser de qch;∎ to be cured of sth être guéri de qch;∎ to rob sb of sth voler qch à qn∎ I've never heard of him je n'ai jamais entendu parler de lui;∎ to learn of sth apprendre qch;∎ her knowledge of French sa connaissance du français;∎ of President Nixon it was said that… il a été dit du président Nixon que…∎ the best/the worst of all le meilleur/le pire de tout;∎ today of all days! il fallait que ça arrive aujourd'hui!;∎ he, of all men or people lui entre tous;∎ you, of all people, should know… toi, plus que quiconque, devrais savoir que…∎ or humorous I like to listen to the radio of a morning/an evening j'aime écouter la radio le matin/le soir -
7 crac
m.1 crash (finance).2 bankruptcy.* * *1 (quiebra) crash, bankruptcy2 (onomatopeya) crack, snap* * *ISM (Com, Econ) crashIIEXCL crack!, snap!hizo crac y se abrió — it went snap! o crack! and came open
* * *a) ( sonido) crack, snapb) (Fin) crash* * *= crash.Ex. The article 'After the crash: librarians take stock following the market's recent nosedive' discusses the possible effects of the recent stock market crash on U.S. libraries and suggests how libraries can protect themselves during economic recession.* * *a) ( sonido) crack, snapb) (Fin) crash* * *= crash.Ex: The article 'After the crash: librarians take stock following the market's recent nosedive' discusses the possible effects of the recent stock market crash on U.S. libraries and suggests how libraries can protect themselves during economic recession.
* * *(pl cracs)1 (sonido) crack, snap2 ( Fin) crash* * *
crac sustantivo masculino (pl◊ cracs)
b) (Fin) crash
crac o crack sustantivo masculino
1 Fin crash
2 (droga) crack
' crac' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
crack
English:
crash
* * *Fin crash* * *m1 ( crujido) snap, crack2 COM crash* * * -
8 descalabro
m.1 major setback, disaster.2 havoc, calamity, chaos, confusion.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: descalabrar.* * *1 misfortune, damage, loss* * *SM1) (=contratiempo) blow, setback2) (Mil) defeat* * *a) ( desastre) disasterb) (Mil) defeat* * *= bust, debacle.Ex. The article 'El Dorado or bust?' warns that the electronic market is changing.Ex. But out of that debacle came a highly successful international scientific endeavor.* * *a) ( desastre) disasterb) (Mil) defeat* * *= bust, debacle.Ex: The article 'El Dorado or bust?' warns that the electronic market is changing.
Ex: But out of that debacle came a highly successful international scientific endeavor.* * *1 (desastre) disasterel partido nunca se recuperó del descalabro que sufrió en 1982 the party never recovered from the disaster o severe blow o major setback it suffered in 1982el descalabro bursátil de 1929 the stock market crash of 19292 ( Mil) defeat* * *
Del verbo descalabrar: ( conjugate descalabrar)
descalabro es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
descalabró es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
descalabrar
descalabro
descalabro sustantivo masculino
b) (Mil) defeat
descalabro sustantivo masculino setback, misfortune
' descalabro' also found in these entries:
English:
soundly
* * *descalabro nmmajor setback, disaster;el descalabro electoral de la ultraderecha the electoral rout of the far right;* * *m calamity, disaster* * *descalabro nm: setback, misfortune, loss -
9 crisi
f crisismedicine fitcrisi energetica energy crisiscrisi degli alloggi housing shortage* * *crisi s.f.1 crisis*; ( depressione finanziaria) slump; recession: crisi commerciale, economica, finanziaria, commercial, economic, financial crisis (o recession); l'industria italiana sta uscendo dalla crisi, Italian industry is beginning to emerge from the recession; siamo in piena crisi, we're in the middle of a crisis; crisi degli alloggi, housing shortage (o housing problem); crisi del dollaro, dollar crisis; crisi della Borsa, slump on the Stock Exchange; crisi ministeriale, cabinet crisis; scoppio di una crisi, outbreak of a crisis; unità di crisi, crisis team; task force; attraversare una crisi, essere in periodo di crisi, to pass (o go) through a crisis; superare una crisi, to get over (o to surmount) a crisis // (st.) la grande crisi ( del 1929), the great crash (of 1929)2 (med.) fit, attack, outburst, paroxysm: crisi di nervi, nervous fit (o attack); una crisi di pianto, a fit of crying.* * *['krizi]sostantivo femminile invariabile1) (difficoltà) crisis* (anche pol. econ.)mettere qcn. in crisi — to put sb. in a difficult position
la grande crisi — stor. the Great Depression, the Slump
2) (penuria) shortage, crisis*crisi degli alloggi — housing crisis o crunch
3) (accesso) attack, fit, outburstcrisi di pianto — burst of weeping, fit of crying
avere una crisi di nervi — to throw a blue fit, to go into hysterics
•crisi d'astinenza — withdrawal symptoms, cold turkey colloq.
crisi energetica — energy crunch o crisis
* * *crisi/'krizi/f.inv.1 (difficoltà) crisis* (anche pol. econ.); crisi coniugale marital crisis; in crisi in crisis; mettere qcn. in crisi to put sb. in a difficult position; la grande crisi stor. the Great Depression, the Slump2 (penuria) shortage, crisis*; crisi occupazionale job shortage; crisi degli alloggi housing crisis o crunch3 (accesso) attack, fit, outburst;; crisi di pianto burst of weeping, fit of crying; avere una crisi di nervi to throw a blue fit, to go into hystericscrisi d'asma asthma attack; crisi d'astinenza withdrawal symptoms, cold turkey colloq.; crisi cardiaca heart attack; crisi energetica energy crunch o crisis; crisi epilettica epileptic fit; crisi di governo government crisis; crisi d'identità identity crisis; crisi isterica hysterics; crisi di rigetto rejection (crisis). -
10 Boeing, William Edward
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 1 October 1881 Detroit, Michigan, USAd. 28 September 1956 USA[br]American aircraft designer, creator of one of the most successful aircraft manufacturing companies in the world.[br]In 1915 William E.Boeing and his friend Commander Conrad Westervelt decided that they could improve on the aeroplanes then being produced in the United States. Boeing was a prominent Seattle businessman with interests in land and timber, while Westervelt was an officer in the US Navy. They bought a Martin Model T float-plane in order to gain some experience and then produced their own design, the B \& W, which first flew in June 1916. Westervelt was transferred to the East, leaving Boeing to continue the production of the B \& W floatplanes, for which purpose he set up the Pacific Aero Products Company. On 26 April 1917 this became the Boeing Airplane Company, which prospered following the US involvement in the First World War.In March 1919 Boeing and Edward Hubbard inaugurated the world's first international airmail service between Seattle and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Boeing Company then had to face the slump in aircraft manufacturing after the war: they survived, and by 1922 they had started producing a successful series of fighters while continuing to develop their flying-boat and floatplane designs. Boeing set up the Boeing Air Transport Corporation to tender for lucrative airmail contracts and then produced aircraft which could out-perform those of his rivals. The company went from strength to strength and by the end of the 1920s a huge conglomerate had been built up: the United Aircraft and Transport Corporation. They produced an advanced high-speed monoplane mailplane, the model 200 Monomail in 1930, which saw the birth of a new era of Boeing designs.The Wall Street crash of 1929 and legislation in 1934, which banned any company from both building aeroplanes and running an airline, were setbacks which the Boeing Airplane Company overcame, moving ahead to become world leaders. William E.Boeing decided that it was time he retired, but he returned to work during the Second World War.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsGuggenheim Medal 1934.Further ReadingC.Chant, 1982, Boeing: The World's Greatest Planemakers, Hadley Wood, England (describes William E.Boeing's part in the founding and building up of the Boeing Company).P.M.Bowers, 1990, Boeing Aircraft since 1916, 3rd edn, London (covers Boeing's aircraft).Boeing Company, 1977, Pedigree of Champions: Boeing since 1916, Seattle.JDS -
11 individualism
•• * Простое, казалось бы, слово, обычно не относимое к разряду «ложных друзей переводчика», – соответствие индивидуализм кажется приемлемым практически всегда. Однако при более близком рассмотрении оказывается, что это своего рода «межкультурная ловушка», да и с переводом все не так просто.
•• Individualism, как и liberalism, – одно из тех слов, которые по-разному понимают американцы и русские (и шире – американцы и многие европейцы). Упрощая, можно сказать, что американский individualism – это самостоятельность (кстати, не всегда легко выбрать удачный вариант перевода этого слова на английский язык – в зависимости от контекста это может быть autonomy, self-reliance, independence), а русский индивидуализм – эгоизм. Конечно, не надо упрощать, к тому же различия в осмыслении таких слов и понятий существуют не только между носителями разных языков и культур, но и внутри них, например, между представителями разных поколений, культурно-политических групп и т.д. И все же это один из тех случаев, где межкультурные различия – реальность, а не высосанные из пальца рассуждения.
•• В одной из старых версий словаря ABBYY Lingvo выражение rugged individualism предлагается переводить как неприкрытый эгоизм. Здесь, наверное, «культурный компонент» – т.е. свойственное многим русским довольно негативное отношение к индивидуализму как таковому – помешал лексикографу разобраться в сути. Это словосочетание любил Герберт Гувер, хотя, вероятно, не он был его автором. Вот цитата из его речи:
•• We were challenged with a choice between the American system of rugged individualism and a European philosophy of diametrically opposed doctrines – doctrines of paternalism and state socialism.
•• Ни о каком «эгоизме» здесь нет речи. Упоминание сугубо положительное.
•• Словарь Г.В. Чернова Americana предлагает грубый индивидуализм – и хотя за этим следует довольно удачная экспликация американского словосочетания, перевод ей, на мой взгляд, противоречит. Интересно развернутое определение и комментарий, которые дает New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy:
•• The belief that all individuals, or nearly all individuals, can succeed on their own and that government help for people should be minimal. The phrase is often associated with policies of the Republican party and was widely used by the Republican president Herbert Hoover. The phrase was later used in scorn by the Democratic presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman to refer to the disasters of Hoover’s administration, during which the stock market Crash of 1929 occurred and the Great Depression began.
•• И хотя Гувер – не самый любимый американцами президент, а Рузвельт почитаем большинством, по моим наблюдениям rugged individualism сейчас употребляется практически всегда со знаком плюс. Можно предложить перевод здоровый индивидуализм, крепкий индивидуализм, в каких-то случаях – вера в/опора на собственные силы.
•• А вот два примера, показывающие, что у нас даже вполне современно и либерально мыслящие люди склонны употреблять слово индивидуализм скорее с отрицательным оттенком. Дело здесь, конечно, не столько в определении, которое дают словари, например, в некоторых отношениях устаревший словарь Ожегова, а в глубоко укоренившейся культурной традиции.
•• [Демократы] могут рассчитывать на голоса не более 20 процентов населения. А собирают еще меньше, потому что их потенциальные избиратели поражены индивидуализмом и социальным нигилизмом (Е. Ясин, «Московские новости»).
•• Предприниматели – индивидуалисты по своей природе, работают в тесных отношениях с государством и поэтому боятся пойти на обострение отношений с ним (И. Бунин, «Московский комсомолец»).
•• Этот «индивидуализм» явно не совпадает с англо-американским individualism. В обоих случаях я предложил бы вариант self-centered. Поражены социальным нигилизмом - может быть, are guilty of social nihilism/negativism. Боятся пойти на обострение отношений просто are afraid of a confrontation.
-
12 smash
smæʃ
1. verb1) ((sometimes with up) to (cause to) break in pieces or be ruined: The plate dropped on the floor and smashed into little pieces; This unexpected news had smashed all his hopes; He had an accident and smashed up his car.) romper, quebrar, hacer pedazos, arruinar2) (to strike with great force; to crash: The car smashed into a lamp-post.) estrellar(se)
2. noun1) ((the sound of) a breakage; a crash: A plate fell to the ground with a smash; There has been a bad car smash.) choque2) (a strong blow: He gave his opponent a smash on the jaw.) golpe violento3) (in tennis etc, a hard downward shot.) smash, mate•- smashing- smash hit
smash1 n1. estrépito2. choque / accidente de tráfico3. smash / rematesmash2 vb1. romper2. hacerse añicos / hacerse pedazostr[smæʃ]1 (noise) estrépito, estruendo3 (blow) golpe nombre masculino5 (success, hit) exitazo, gran éxito■ the waves smashed the little boat against the rocks las olas estrellaron la barquita contra las rocas3 (defeat) vencer, derrotar, aplastar; (destroy) destrozar, destruir; (break up) desarticular, desmantelar; (beat) batir, superar4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (in tennis) hacer un mate, dar un mate\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto smash somebody's face partirle la cara a alguiensmash hit gran éxito, exitazosmash ['smæʃ] vt1) break: romper, quebrar, hacer pedazos2) wreck: destrozar, arruinar3) crash: estrellar, chocarsmash vi1) shatter: hacerse pedazos, hacerse añicos2) collide, crash: estrellarse, chocarsmash n1) blow: golpe m2) collision: choque m3) bang, crash: estrépito mn.• mate (Balonvolea) (•Deporte•) s.m.n.• golpe violento s.m.• quiebra s.f.• rotura s.f.• rotura violenta s.f.v.• aplastar v.• desbaratar v.• despachurrar v.• hacer pedazos v.• quebrantar v.• quebrar v.• reventar v.• romper con fuerza v.smæʃ
I
1)a) ( sound) estrépito m, estruendo mb) ( collision) (BrE) choque m2)a) ( blow) golpe mb) (in tennis, badminton, squash) smash m, remate m, remache m3) ( success) (colloq) exitazo m (fam)
II
1.
1) ( break) \<\<furniture\>\> romper*, destrozar*; \<\<car\>\> destrozar*; \<\<glass\>\> romper*; ( into small pieces) hacer* añicos2) ( destroy) \<\<rebellion\>\> aplastar, sofocar*; \<\<drug racket/spy ring\>\> acabar con, desarticular; \<\<hopes\>\> echar por tierra, destruir*he smashed the world record — batió or rompió el record mundial
3)a) (hit, drive forcefully)b) (in tennis, badminton, squash) rematar, remachar
2.
vi1) ( shatter) hacerse* pedazosit smashed into a thousand pieces — se hizo añicos, se rompió en mil pedazos
2) ( crash)to smash AGAINST/INTO something — estrellarse or chocar* contra algo
•Phrasal Verbs:- smash in- smash up[smæʃ]1. N1) (=breakage) rotura f, quiebra f (LAm); (=sound of breaking) estruendo m2) (=collision) choque m3) (Tennis, Badminton etc) smash m, remate m, remache m4) (Econ) (=bankruptcy) quiebra f ; (=crisis) crisis f inv económica5) * (=success) exitazo m2. VT1) (=break) romper, quebrar (esp LAm); (=shatter) hacer pedazos, hacer trizasto smash sth to pieces or bits — hacer pedazos or añicos algo
he smashed his fist into Paul's face — le dio or pegó un fuerte puñetazo en la cara a Paul
2) (=wreck) dar al traste con; (=ruin) arruinar, minar3) (=beat) [+ team, enemy, opponent] aplastar; [+ record etc] pulverizar, batir4) (Tennis, Badminton etc) [+ ball] rematar, remachar3. VI1) (=break) romperse, hacerse pedazos, quebrarse (esp LAm)2) (=crash)3) (Econ) quebrar4.ADVto go smash into sth — dar de lleno contra algo, dar violentamente contra algo
5.CPD- smash in- smash up* * *[smæʃ]
I
1)a) ( sound) estrépito m, estruendo mb) ( collision) (BrE) choque m2)a) ( blow) golpe mb) (in tennis, badminton, squash) smash m, remate m, remache m3) ( success) (colloq) exitazo m (fam)
II
1.
1) ( break) \<\<furniture\>\> romper*, destrozar*; \<\<car\>\> destrozar*; \<\<glass\>\> romper*; ( into small pieces) hacer* añicos2) ( destroy) \<\<rebellion\>\> aplastar, sofocar*; \<\<drug racket/spy ring\>\> acabar con, desarticular; \<\<hopes\>\> echar por tierra, destruir*he smashed the world record — batió or rompió el record mundial
3)a) (hit, drive forcefully)b) (in tennis, badminton, squash) rematar, remachar
2.
vi1) ( shatter) hacerse* pedazosit smashed into a thousand pieces — se hizo añicos, se rompió en mil pedazos
2) ( crash)to smash AGAINST/INTO something — estrellarse or chocar* contra algo
•Phrasal Verbs:- smash in- smash up -
13 crisis bursátil
f. s.&pl.stock market crisis, stock market crack, crack, stock market crash.* * *(n.) = market crash, stock market crashEx. The excessive speculation in the late 1920's kept the stock market artificially high, but eventually lead to large market crashes.Ex. But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world.* * *(n.) = market crash, stock market crashEx: The excessive speculation in the late 1920's kept the stock market artificially high, but eventually lead to large market crashes.
Ex: But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world. -
14 caída de la bolsa
(n.) = market crash, stock market crashEx. The excessive speculation in the late 1920's kept the stock market artificially high, but eventually lead to large market crashes.Ex. But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world.* * *(n.) = market crash, stock market crashEx: The excessive speculation in the late 1920's kept the stock market artificially high, but eventually lead to large market crashes.
Ex: But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world. -
15 desplome bursátil
m.stock market crack, stock market collapse.* * *(n.) = market crash, stock market crashEx. The excessive speculation in the late 1920's kept the stock market artificially high, but eventually lead to large market crashes.Ex. But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world.* * *(n.) = market crash, stock market crashEx: The excessive speculation in the late 1920's kept the stock market artificially high, but eventually lead to large market crashes.
Ex: But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world. -
16 desplome de la bolsa
(n.) = market crash, stock market crashEx. The excessive speculation in the late 1920's kept the stock market artificially high, but eventually lead to large market crashes.Ex. But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world.* * *(n.) = market crash, stock market crashEx: The excessive speculation in the late 1920's kept the stock market artificially high, but eventually lead to large market crashes.
Ex: But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world. -
17 acabar repentinamente
(v.) = come to + a swift end, come to + an abrupt endEx. But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world.Ex. The demand for the old faces came to an abrupt end and the founders withdrew them from sale, some even destroying the old punches and matrices as so much scrap.* * *(v.) = come to + a swift end, come to + an abrupt endEx: But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world.
Ex: The demand for the old faces came to an abrupt end and the founders withdrew them from sale, some even destroying the old punches and matrices as so much scrap. -
18 cesar repentinamente
(v.) = come to + an abrupt end, come to + a swift endEx. The demand for the old faces came to an abrupt end and the founders withdrew them from sale, some even destroying the old punches and matrices as so much scrap.Ex. But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world.* * *(v.) = come to + an abrupt end, come to + a swift endEx: The demand for the old faces came to an abrupt end and the founders withdrew them from sale, some even destroying the old punches and matrices as so much scrap.
Ex: But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world. -
19 finalizar repentinamente
(v.) = come to + an abrupt end, come to + a swift endEx. The demand for the old faces came to an abrupt end and the founders withdrew them from sale, some even destroying the old punches and matrices as so much scrap.Ex. But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world.* * *(v.) = come to + an abrupt end, come to + a swift endEx: The demand for the old faces came to an abrupt end and the founders withdrew them from sale, some even destroying the old punches and matrices as so much scrap.
Ex: But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world. -
20 terminar repentinamente
(v.) = come to + a swift end, come to + an abrupt endEx. But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world.Ex. The demand for the old faces came to an abrupt end and the founders withdrew them from sale, some even destroying the old punches and matrices as so much scrap.* * *(v.) = come to + a swift end, come to + an abrupt endEx: But these heady days came to a swift end with the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, in New York, Toronto, Montreal and other financial centres in the world.
Ex: The demand for the old faces came to an abrupt end and the founders withdrew them from sale, some even destroying the old punches and matrices as so much scrap.
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